The elderberry extract is extracted from the stems and branches of the honeysuckle plant, Sambucus williamsiiHance., and contains active ingredients such as phenolic acids and triterpenoid aglycones. It has pharmacological activities such as anti-osteoporosis, promoting fracture healing, anti-inflammatory, Chemicalbook anti-virus, anti-oxidation, and improving immune activity. It is widely used in cosmetics and has moisturizing and beautifying effects on the skin. The components such as elderberry and mucilage have bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and antipruritic functions, and can be used in shampoo and hair care daily necessities.

Plant Form

Elderberry, deciduous shrub or small tree, 2 to 4 meters high. Branches gray-brown, much branched, longitudinally ribbed, and well-developed pith. Odd-pinnate compound leaves opposite; leaflets 7~9, long oval to ovate-lanceolate, 4~11 cm long, 2~4 cm wide, apex long and acuminate, base obliquely broad wedge-shaped, and the edge of Chemicalbook has Sawtooth, hairless on both sides, and smelly after being crushed. The panicle is oval, and the flowers are white to yellowish white; the calyx is bell-shaped, with 5 sepals; Berry-shaped drupe spherical, black-purple or red, with 3-5 nuclei. The flowering period is May-June, and the fruiting period is June-September.

Chemical Composition

Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, α-amyrin, betulin, betulinic acid, nimbin ) and other triterpenoid aglycones; β-sitosterol (β-sitosterol), stigmasterol (stigmasterol), daucosterine (daucosterine), taraxerol (taraxerol) and other sterol Chemicalbook compounds; and vanillin (vanillin), Phenolic acids such as acetovanilone, coniferylaldehyde, syringaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and protocatechuic acid compound. In addition, it also contains flavonoids, lignans and sterols.

Character identification

Stems and branches are mostly processed into oblique slices, oblong, 2-6cm long, about 0.3cm thick, the skin is intact or peeled off, the exterior is greenish brown, with longitudinal stripes and brown-black dot-like protrusions. The xylem of the cut surface is yellow-white, the annual rings are annular, very obvious, and there are fine white pith lines projecting outward, the pith is usually brown, spongy or withered into a hollow. Light in weight, weak in smell and smell.

Pharmacological Action

1. Anti-osteoporosis and promote fracture healing

Studies have shown that the chloroform extract layer of 60% ethanol crude extract of elderberry has a significant effect on the repair of bone density, and contributes to the bone growth and bone content of the femur and tibia, and increases the tibial diaphysis of ovariectomized mice. Biomechanical strength is the most effective ingredient to promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic UMR106 cells.

2. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic

Using the hot plate method, 20 g·kg-1 of elderberry decoction was administered to the mice. The results showed that the mice were in a quiet state after taking the medicine, which showed that it had analgesic effect on mice. morphine. The water extract of elderberry stems and branches has a significant inhibitory effect on the writhing response induced by acetic acid in mice and the increase in the permeability of abdominal capillaries in mice, suggesting that elderberry stems and branches have obvious analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

3. Anti-bacteria and virus

The results show that larchyl alcohol isolated from the methanolic extract of elderberry stems and branches exhibits its antifungal activity by interfering with the cell membrane of fungi, and may be used as a novel antifungal agent for the treatment of human fungal infections.

4. Anticancer effect

Oral administration of 2000 mg/kg elderberry oil to mice can inhibit the growth of S1Chemicalbook80 tumor-bearing solid tumors in mice and H22 liver cancer solid tumors in mice. The life extension rate is greater than that of cyclophosphamide. It is indicated that elderberry oil has a certain anticancer effect.

5. Improve learning and memory ability

Elderberry oil can significantly improve the memory acquisition disorder caused by scopolamine in mice, the memory consolidation disorder caused by chloramphenicol and the memory reproduction disorder caused by 40% ethanol in the platform jumping method and water maze test, indicating that its It can improve the ability of learning and memory, and its improvement effect is equal to or better than that of Naofukang.

6. Anti-AIDS

When the IC50 of elderberry extract is 0.017g/L, it can inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, indicating that it has anti-AIDS activity.

7. Blood lipid lowering effect

Studies have shown that elderberry oil gavage significantly reduces total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and arteriosclerosis index in hyperlipidemia model mice and chickens, and can also reduce triglycerides. Increases HDL and HDL/total cholesterol ratios. The results suggest that elderberry oil has obvious hypolipidemic and anti-arteriosclerotic effects, and its hypolipidemic and anti-arteriosclerotic effects are better than Maitong.

Application

(1) Elderberry oil has good permeability to human skin and is easily absorbed by the skin. The cream and honey cosmetics made from it are rubbed on the skin surface to quickly form a uniform film, which is slippery and not greasy. Chemicalbook feels great on the skin.

(2) Elderberry oil not only has good ultraviolet absorption performance but also has excellent emulsifying ability. Cosmetics formulated with elderberry oil are stable with little or no added emulsifiers.